Heating and cooling of buildings



Dec. 17, E929. R. G. cRlTTAL ET AL 1,740,336

HEATING AND COOLING OF BUILDINGS Original Filed Septv. 20, 1923 Pag. l.

' Patented Dec. 1.7, 1929 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE RICHARD GODFREY CRITTAL AND JOSEPH LESLIE MUSGRAVE, OF LONDON, ENGLAND HEATING AND COOLING 0F BUILDINGS Original application led September 20, 1923, Serial No. 663,861, and in Great Britain November 10, 1922. Divided and this application ledJnne 22, 1826. Serial No. 117,773.

erence to the circulation of a heating orV cooling fluid as applied to partitions or party walls, floors and ceilings, this application being a division of application Serial No. 663,861, sled Sept. 20, 1923.

One object of the invention is to overcome the difliculties of expansion and contraction and to prevent cracking or fracture ofl the surface from which the heat radiates, yby using pipes or tubes of a flexible nature, such as lead or composite, instead of pipes of a rigid or inflexible nature for circulating the heating or cooling fluid. These pipes are@l the coll of flexible pipes enclosed 1n a reinlaid in coils against the structure to which they are secured and are then covered or partially embedded in the material of the wall upon which the plaster is laid, such.

plaster entirely embedding said pipes and forming the surface from which the heat radiates, so that provision against cracking or fracturing of such surface is desirable.

Another object of the invention is to entirely or partially surround the pipes with expanded metal or other flexible reinforcing material before being fixed to the structure, so that when said pipes are embedded in the material of the wall and covered with plaster, the expanded metal or reinforcing material acts as a binder to assist in avoiding the cracking or fracturing of the radiating surface, as wellas assisting in distributing,

. the heat or cold.

lt will be readily understood that the resistance oHered by the material in which the pipes are embeddedwill, by reason of the flexible nature of the metal, cause such metal when heated to compress, thus obviating the necessity for providing means to compensate for expansion and contraction, and consequently avoiding the liabilityT of the plast-er or surface of the structure from which the heat radiates cracking or splitting.

Instead of entirely covering the flexible pipes with plaster they may be partially or entirely embedded in concrete during the construction of a floor, wall or ceiling, leavingr the surface plain or covering it with cement, plaster, tiles, marble, glass, paper or any suitable wall covering.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, Wherein- Figure 1 is a broken front elevation showing a coil of -flexible pipes fixed to the wall or structure.

Fig. 2 is a sectional end elevation showing a'coil of flexible pipes fixed against the wall and embedded in the material of the wall and covered with plaster or material from the surface of which the heat radiates.

Fig. 3 is similar to Fig. 1 showing the coil of flexible pipes enclosed or surrounded by a metallic reinforcing material.

Fig. 4 is a View similar to Fig. 2 showing a coil of flexible pipes embedded in reinforced' concrete with the surface covered with plaster or other material.

In the drawing A represents the structural part of the building, B the coil of flexible l pipes, b the expanded metal or other reinforcing material with which the coil B is surrounded, D the concrete or other material in which the coil B is embedded, d' the rendering cement or material with which the coil is covered, and (Z2 the finished surface or plaster from which the heat radiates. V

The coil or coils of flexible pipes B are fixed to the structure A byv any suitable means. These pipes, which may or may not be surrounded with expanded metal b or other flexible reinforcing material, arev then embedded in concrete D or other material forming the wall so as to leave the surface of such pipes exposed, and afterwards covered over or rendered with cementl d and then faced' i with the finishing plaster d?, or covered with tiles, marble, glass, or other suitable wall covering from thesurface of which the heat radiates.

If Adesired the concrete may be reinforced with expanded metal da as shown iny Fig. 5.

The expanded metal or other reinforcing l material not only assists in preventing the ion i lill cracking or fracturing of the concrete and plaster or other material, but also assists in conducting th heat from the pipes, so as to distribute the heat. rllhe expanded metal surrounding the pipes in tubular form is particularly advantageous in taking up the strains due to the expansion of the pipes.

Having thus described the invention, What is claimed as new is l. ln a building, the combination With a concrete surfacing structure, of a pipe for the flow of a heating or cooling fluid therein to heat or cool the interior of the building and embedded in the concrete of said structure near the surface thereof, and reinforcing material surroundingand spaced from said pipe in tubular form and embedded in the concrete.

2. ln a building, the combination with a concrete surfacing structure, of a pipe for the dow of a heating or cooling fluid therein to heat or cool the interior of the building and embedded in the concrete of said structure near the surface thereof, and expanded metal embedded in the concrete and surrounding and spaced from said pipe in tubu- Y lar form.

3. ln a building, the combination With a concrete surfacing structure, of pipes for the.

flow of a heating or cooling Huid therein to heat or cool the interior of the building and embedded in the concrete of said structure near the surface thereof, said pipes being composed of lead or equivalent material, and

reinforcing material embedded in -said concrete and surrounding and spaced from said pipes in tubular for 4:. lin a building, the combination with a concrete surfacing structure, of a coil for the y ilowpf a heating or cooling fluid embedded 1n said structure near the surface thereof, and tubular reinforcement extending along, sur* rounding and spaced from the portions .of

said coil and embedded in the concrete.

- In testimony whereof We hereunto ax our slgnatures. l

RICHARD GUDFREY CRTTAL. JOSEPH LESLIE. MUSGEAVE. 

